Many are the botanical species identified: in the foreground, the umbrella pine, the oak, the red fir beyond a marble enclosure grow apple quinces, pomegranates, myrtles, oleanders, date palms, strawberry trees, laurels, viburnums, holm oaks, box trees, cypresses, ivy and acanthus. This Second style fresco, the most ancient example of continuous garden painting (30 – 20 BCE), presents a variety of plants and birds rendered in a naturalistic way. This lush painted garden covered the walls of a semi-subterranean chamber, probably a cool triclinium (dining room) for summer banquets, in the suburban Villa of Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus.
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